The Difference Between Transcription and DNA Replication

Transcription and DNA replica are two processes that create new DNA molecules in a cell. Both processes use DNA as the template to synthesize daughter DNA. Both processes use the amino acids adenine and guanine as well as cytosine and thymine.

Transcription creates mRNA molecules with codons that specify the sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chains. Transcription creates copies of the sense and replication creates copies of the antisense. The main difference between the two is that transcription is faster and more efficient than DNA replication.

DNA transcription creates RNA molecules that have a shorter length than DNA molecules. It is a process that occurs in eukaryotic cells. Somatic cells also undergo DNA transcription. A genetic mutation can alter the behavior of cells and cause them grow out of control. A genetic defect can cause a variety of health problems, including lactose intolerance.

The process of eucaryotic mRNA synthesis is similar to that of bacteria, although bacterial mRNAs are synthesized by an enzyme called RNA polymerase II. This enzyme starts and stops at specific spots in the genome and synthesizes mRNA. In eucaryotes mRNA synthesis also involves a second step, called RNA Splicing. This removes intron sequences from middle of RNA transcript.

Transcription is similar in many ways to DNA replication. During transcription, a DNA template is copied into RNA. This strand is known as the pre-messengerRNA (mRNA). In transcription, the RNA polymerase enzymes edit the RNA to create the desired mRNA molecule. Because transcription involves partial unwinding the double helix, it is similar to DNA replication.

The nucleus is where transcription takes place in eukaryotic organisms. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic retinalum. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation take place in ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic membrane. RNA polymerase and ribosomes control transcription and translation. Both processes involve a number of different enzymes and components, including the template strand of DNA.

When transcription is complete, the polymerase, which is responsible for transcription, is released. It then reassociates with its free s factor and searches for a new promoter. This new promoter initiates the transcription process all over again.

In transcription, many proteins assemble at the start point of transcription. Different genes may experience this assembly in a different order. Some proteins interact with the DNA while others are brought to it in preformed subcomplexes. These protein assemblies are known as polyadenylated RNA transcriptions in eukaryotic cells.

When mRNA is translated, the RNA polymerase subunit binds to a promoter region at the 5′ end of a DNA strand. The RNA polymerase subunit is then released to initiate transcription. During transcription, the RNA polymerase II undergoes a conformational change, adding phosphate groups to the tail, which is the template strand.